[字彙] page 350~~~~~~
http://xination.pixnet.net/blog/post/26240631
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pejorative
adj. [having a disparaging, derogatory, or belittling effect or force:]
ex. the pejorative affix -ling, in princeling.
<> laudatory
ps. Pejoratives (or terms of abuse) are words or grammatical forms which
denote a negative effect; that is, they express the contempt or distaste of
the speaker.
音：啤酒rative
pelf
n.不義之財 [derogatory money or wealth, esp if dishonestly acquired; lucre
p.296]
字源：from古法文 pelfre, 戰利品。
pell-mell
adv. 亂七八糟地 [in disorderly, headlong haste; in a recklessly hurried
manner.]
ex. The children rushed pell-mell down the stairs. 孩子們亂鬨哄地衝下樓去.
pellucid
adj. [= limpid, extremely clear in style and meaning;]
ex. pellucid water
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity)
is the physical property of allowing light to pass through a material;
translucency (also called translucence or translucidity) only allows light to
pass through diffusely. The opposite property is opacity.
quick review
limpid: limpid eyes, limpid writing p. 292
lucid: a lucid explanation, Lucid Dreaming p.296
pen
n.母天鵝
penalty
penal-ty
n. [a punishment imposed or incurred for a violation of law or rule.]
新加坡鞭刑
["movie":"http://www.youtube.com/v/ifNeGf0Awsk?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","src":"http://www.youtube.com/v/ifNeGf0Awsk?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","type":"application/x-shockwave-flash"]
penalize
penal-ize
v.對...處罰 [to impose a penalty on (someone), as for breaking a law or rule]
ex. People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized. 對酒醉
開車者應予重罰.
penance
n. [voluntary self-punishment to atone for a sin, crime, etc]
Penance is repentance of sins
The word penance derives from Old French and Latin poenitentia, both of which
derive from the same root meaning repentance, the desire to be forgiven.
penitent p.249 adj. [feeling or expressing sorrow for sin or wrongdoing and
disposed to atonement and amendment; repentant; contrite.]
Pietro Antonio Rotari (1707–1762) was an Italian painter of the Baroque
period.
題外：
Penance (film trailer)
["movie":"http://www.youtube.com/v/P6hooh03doE?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","src":"http://www.youtube.com/v/P6hooh03doE?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","type":"application/x-shockwave-flash"]
plot: A young mother decides to become a stripper to earn some fast cash only
to find her worst nightmares are about to begin when she falls into the hands
of a religious fanatic intent on changing her evil ways.
***************************
penchant
n. [a strong inclination, taste, or liking for something; fondness,
preference]
ex.a penchant for outdoor sports.
Etymology:1672, from Fr. penchant, properly the prp. of O.Fr. pencher "to
incline," from V.L. *pendicare, a frequentative formed from L. pendere "to
hang"
Lady Susana had a penchant for crazy hats!
Lady Susana had a penchant for crazy hats!
Photo by Marvin Joseph, Staff Photographer to The Washington Post, c 2006
pending
adj. [about to take place;imminent.]
adj. [not yet decided : being in continuance]
ex. your application status: pending
pendulum
n. [a body mounted so that it can swing freely under the influence of
gravity. It is either a bob hung on a light thread ( simple pendulum ) or a
more complex structure ( compound pendulum )]
["movie":"http://www.youtube.com/v/nB2SXLYwKkM?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","src":"http://www.youtube.com/v/nB2SXLYwKkM?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","type":"application/x-shockwave-flash"]
--------------------------
quick review
字根 pens pend == hang down 掛 or weigh 稱...的重量
[pend的延生為衡量,計算--又因為花錢是需要衡量的--所以跟消費有點關係]
ex.
expend // expense n.開支 // expensive adj.昂貴的
pension n.退休金
spend v.花(錢);花(時間,精力)
----------------------------------------
penetrate
pen-etr(enter)-ate
v.穿過 [to pierce or pass into or through]
ex.The bullet penetrated the wall.
ex. It was impossible to penetrate the mystery.
ps. 這個字有在sexual上的用法
ps.
penetrable
pen(almost)-etr(enter)-able
adj.可穿透的
penicillin
n. 盤尼西林, 青黴素
["movie":"http://www.youtube.com/v/iXJhu1T3XQk?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","src":"http://www.youtube.com/v/iXJhu1T3XQk?fs=1&hl=zh_TW","type":"application/x-shockwave-flash"]
ps. Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics
derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically
significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many
previously serious diseases such as syphilis(梅毒) and Staphylococcus
infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of
bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are Beta-lactam antibiotics and
are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible,
usually Gram-positive, organisms.
The term "penicillin" can also refer to the mixture of substances that are
naturally, and organically, produced.
The discovery of penicillin is attributed to Scottish scientist and Nobel
laureate Alexander Fleming in 1928. He showed that, if Penicillium notatum
were grown in the appropriate substrate, it would exude a substance with
antibiotic properties, which he dubbed penicillin. This serendipitous
observation began the modern era of antibiotic discovery. The development of
penicillin for use as a medicine is attributed to the Australian Nobel
laureate Howard Walter Florey together with the German Nobel laureate Ernst
Chain and the English biochemist Norman Heatley.
ps. An antibacterial is a substance that kills bacteria or slows their
growth. It is sometimes used as a synonym for "antibiotic", but this term is
more properly applied to the broader category of antimicrobial compounds
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