[演講]6/17認知神經科學跨領域整合之進展研討會
大家好：
這個禮拜日(6/17)會有幾場演講。是一個整天的活動，
有關於整合型認知神經科學的進展，地點在陽明大學活動中心第三會議室，
議程請見下列網址。不需事先報名，歡迎參加。
http://www.tacp.url.tw/download/other/1010604.JPG
另外，星期日研討會的其中一位講者 Joe Kable, 於本週四(6/14)在
台灣大學社科院第28教室有一場和neuroeconomics有關的演講，演講內容詳見如下。
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In the upcoming neuroeconomics colloquium series, we invite Professor Joseph
Kable from the University of Pennsylvania. The series will include two talks.
The first talk will be held at the Department of Economics, National Taiwan
University (6/14, Thurs, 1:30pm). The second talk, which is co-organized with
the Symposium on Integrative Cognitive Neuroscience, will be held at National
Yang-Ming University (6/17, Sun, 2:45pm). Please see more detailed
information below.
About Joe Kable:
Dr. Kable studies how people make decisions, and the psychological and neural
mechanisms of choice. His approach was highly interdisciplinary and combines
methods and ideas from social and cognitive neuroscience, experimental
economics, and personality psychology. His postdoctoral work with Paul
Glimcher on the neural computations of subjective value was highly
influential (Kable & Glimcher, 2007, Nature Neuroscience) and was the first
study that systematically and quantitatively characterized the mapping
between individual preferences and patterns of neural activity in
decision-related neural systems. More recently, Dr. Kable’s research has
expanded to studying changes in people’s preferences and associated neural
mechanisms, a fascinating new topic. For example, he is interested in
distinguishing the kinds of decision making that are more stable and more
trait-like, from the decision making that are more subject to changes in
decision contexts, and the psychological, genetic, and neural sources of
those differences.
Dr. Kable received his Ph.D. in Neuroscience from the University of
Pennsylvania in 2004, and did his postdoctoral work with Paul Glimcher at New
York University before returning to Penn in 2008 as an Assistant Professor in
Psychology.
演講一
時間：6月14日 (星期四) 下午1:30-3:30
地點：台灣大學社科院第28教室
Title: Sustaining Delay of Gratification: Potential Cognitive and Neural
Mechanisms
Abstract:
Persistence in the pursuit of long-run outcomes is an important dimension of
self-control. Decision-makers often fail to persist: they initially choose a
larger, later outcome, wait a period of time, and then abandon this initial
choice in favor of a smaller, immediate reward that had always been
available. Explanations for this kind of dynamic reversal usually assume that
the timing of outcomes is known with certainty, but this is rarely the case
in the real world. When outcome timing is uncertain, a rational
decision-maker should continually update their estimate of the remaining
delay. The value of continued persistence therefore hinges critically on the
decision-maker's prior expectations regarding the temporal uncertainty. We
first show that, with respect to several self-control dilemmas,
decision-makers hold temporal expectations that would rationalize persistence
failure at some point. In a series of behavioral experiments, we then
demonstrate that people adapt their degree of persistence depending on the
statistics of the environment, waiting longer for delayed rewards when
persistence is profitable, and exhibiting a reduced willingness to wait when
reversals are merited. Finally, we show that when individuals wait for
delayed rewards, BOLD activity in medial prefrontal regions reflects a
continually updated estimate of the delayed reward's value. This activity
varies depending on the timing statistics of the environment, and predicts
whether an individual will abandon the delayed outcome or continue to
persist. These results demonstrate the critical role of temporal expectations
in persistence, and suggest that shaping these expectations could encourage
persistence when this is desired.
演講二
時間：6月17日 (星期日) 下午2:45-3:45
地點：陽明大學活動中心第三會議室
Title: When you keep changing your mind: Psychological and neural mechanisms
of preference reversals
Abstract:
Systematic inconsistencies in people's decisions provide a central challenge
to rational choice theories. A classic example is the "preference reversal
phenomenon": for two gambles matched in expected value, people systematically
choose the higher-probability option but provide a higher bid for the option
that offers the greater amount to win. Here we use eye-tracking and
functional brain imaging to help better understand the mechanism underlying
such reversals. We find that the preference reversal phenomenon is
accompanied by a shift in visual attention to different attributes, with
people fixating probabilities more during choices and payoffs more during
bids. We also find a corresponding change in the influence that different
attributes have on neural signals linked to the computation and comparison of
subjective values. These findings support a "contingent weighting"
explanation of preference reversals, which locates the source of the reversal
in a task-dependent change in the weight given different attributes in the
valuation process.
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※ 編輯: sanmogreen 來自: 120.126.40.174 (06/12 16:12)