傳染病小考2
‧ What is VZIG(免疫球蛋白), for what function?
Ans：(水痘)
1.Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin (VZIG)
2. prepared from the plasma of normal blood donors with high antibody titer to VZV is effected in modifying or preventing disease if given within 96 hours after exposure.
3.A live attenuated varicella virus vaccine among normal children has shown a cery high level of protection.
‧ Would you please tell me the occurrence of Scarlet fever in Taiwan?
Ans：The high incidence of Scarlet fever occurs in young children in late summer, fall and winter in Taiwan.
‧ Would you please tell me the reservoir of legionellosis.
Ans：
1. Probably aqueous; soil has suspected.
2. Hot water systems and air-conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers have been implicated epidemiologically.
‧ Would you please indicate me the control methods of TB.(肺結核)
Ans：
1. Report to local health authority.
2. Isolation: control of infectivity (傳染性)is best achieved by prompt specific drug therapy(治療).
3. DOTS: direct observation(觀察) of treatment for short course (3~6 months).
4. BCG vaccination(接種) of uninfected (未發現的)(tuberculin-negative陰性結核菌) persons can induce(導致) tuberculin sensitivity in > 90% of vaccines, that protection may persist for as long as 20 years.
5.Concurrent disinfection: microbial decontamination(消毒) of air by ventilation(通風) , this may be supplemented by UV light.
‧ What is EHEC? In EHEC, 5~10% of the patients may got what kind of disease?
Ans：
1. Diarrhea caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli.
2. HUS：hemolytic uremic syndrome
TTP：therombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Concurrent disinfection: microbial decontamination(消毒) of air by ventilation(通風) , this may be supplemented by UV light.
‧ Would you please tell me the transmission routes of Enterovirus groups?
Ans：
1.Fecal-oral transmission.
2.Asymptomatic(無症狀) recessive(隱性) infection could persist for 1 month.
3.It has strong communicability during the early febrile(發熱) stage.
4.Upper respiratory tract and oropharynx are the entrance ways of enteroviruses transmission.
‧ Would you please indicate me the international legal infectious disease, include its pathogen?
Ans：
(1) Influenza virus type A (H1N1)
(2) Influenza virus type B
(3) Influenza virus type C
‧ Could you tell me the “strategies for the prevention of HIV infection”?
Ans：
1. Safe sex: condom use.
2. Screening of blood products.
3. Needle exchange schemes.
4. Antenatal screening.
5. Voluntary testing of those in high-risk categories.
6. Vigorous control and treatment of genital ulcer diseases.
‧ Would you please tell me the “Prevention of hepatitis A” strategy (from WHO, 2005).
Ans：
1. Safe water supplies.
2. Effective sanitation.
3. Personal hygiene.
4. Safe food-handling.
5. Pre-exposure prophylaxis: human immunoglobulin and inactivated vaccine
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