[轉錄][轉錄][反對] 國際法律人委員會公告美國ꬠ…
※ [本文轉錄自 CollegeForum 看板]
作者: poe (反對台鐵私有化！) 看板: CollegeForum
標題: [轉錄][反對] 國際法律人委員會公告美國非法侵略
時間: Mon Mar 31 22:06:12 2003
※ [本文轉錄自 R89325xxx 看板]
作者: requiem (mediocrity) 看板: R89325xxx
標題: [公告] 國際法律人委員會反對美國非法侵略
時間: Mon Mar 31 20:25:17 2003
國際法律人委員會（INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS，ICJ）三月十八日以英法西
三種語言發出新聞稿：
「伊拉克：國際法律人委員會對邁向侵略伊拉克的戰爭作為感到遺憾」
（Iraq - ICJ Deplores Moves Toward a War of Aggression on Iraq /
La CIJ deplore l'annonce d'une guerre d'agression contre l'Irak /
La CIJ lamenta los anuncios de una guerra de agresion contra Irak）
內文：
少數國家待機對伊拉克發動顯屬非法的，構成侵略的入侵，國際法律人委員會對此感到
深切失望。美國，聯合王國，與西班牙已經表明了在沒有安理會決議下對伊拉克
使用武力的意圖。這種攻擊沒有任何令人信服的法律基礎。在缺乏安理會授權的情況下，
沒有國家能對其他國家武力相向，除非是遭到武裝攻擊而自衛。
The ICJ today expressed its deep dismay that a small number of states are
poised to launch an outright illegal invasion of Iraq, which amounts to a war
of aggression. The United States, the United Kingdom and Spain have signalled
their intent to use force in Iraq in spite of the absence of a Security Council
Resolution. There is no other plausible legal basis for this attack. In the
absence of such Security Council authorisation, no country may use force
against another country, except in self-defence against an armed attack.
國際法律人委員會秘書長 Louise Doswald-Beck 提到：「這條規定受到1945年聯合國
憲章珍視，理由甚明：防止各國偏好使用武力。」
"This rule was enshrined in the United Nations Charter in 1945 for a good
reason: to prevent states from using force as they felt so inclined", said
ICJ Secretary-General Louise Doswald-Beck.
沒有得到安理會明確授權而發動的戰爭，即是明目張膽地違反使用武力的禁令。
安理會一四四一號決議案並未授權使用武力。在通過該決議時，法國，俄國，
與中國三個安理會常任理事國發表聲明，指出該決議案並未授權（自動使用武力）。
其底線是，安理會中含五個常任理事國在內，必須有九個會員國主動批准使用武力
；顯然這樣的支持並不存在。
A war waged without a clear mandate by the Security Council would constitute
a flagrant violation of the prohibition of the use of force. Security Council
Resolution 1441 does not authorise the use of force. Upon its adoption, France,
Russia and China, three permanent members of the Security Council, issued a
declaration indicating that the Resolution excludes such authority. The
bottom line is that nine members of the Security Council, including the five
permanent members, need to actively approve the use of force - such support
is blatantly lacking.
根據國際法律人委員會法律顧問 Ian Seiderman 所言：「這些年來，現在的伊拉克政權
廣泛與系統性的違反人權，這點自應受到譴責。但是，應當受到譴責的人權記錄並不構成
訴諸戰爭手段的法律依據。對這些嚴重違反人權的情節，恰當的作法是訴諸國際犯罪，並
利用與增強強制執刑機構，如國際刑事法庭。」
According to ICJ Legal Adviser Ian Seiderman: "The present regime in Iraq is
certainly responsible for widespread and systematic human rights violations
over the years. However, this reprehensible human rights record does not by
itself provide a legal basis for resort to war. The appropriate method of
addressing such gross abuses is to treat them as international crimes and to
use and strengthen enforcement mechanisms, such as the International Criminal
Court."
安理會授權使用武力的權力不是無限的。安理會只能在「維持或重建國際和平與安全」
的時候授權使用武力。當有國家拒絕於現在使用武力的時候，必須有充分的客觀判準
來判斷國際和平在當下是否受到威脅。各國所提出的，支持戰爭的證據並不足以服人。
The competency of the Security Council to authorise the use of force is not
unlimited. It may only do so to "maintain or restore international peace and
security". As States resisting the use of force at this moment understand,
the determination upon whether there is a present threat to international
peace and security must be based on sufficient objective criteria. The
evidence presented by states pressing for war is less than convincing.
因此，國際法律人委員會強烈督促合眾國，聯合王國，與西班牙，及其他國家的政府，
在這最後幾個小時，能重新審視自身的政策決定與拒絕對伊拉克非法使用武力。
The ICJ therefore strongly urges the Governments of the United States, the
United Kingdom, Spain and other countries, even at this late hour, to
reconsider their policy choices and desist from the unlawful use of force
against Iraq.
http://www.icj.org/news.php3?id_article=2770&lang=en
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