[學術] 翻譯Japanese Herbivore Men and the Ase

看板Asexual作者leov72時間7年前 (2017/01/31 17:25)推噓40(40推 0噓 60→)

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這篇文章是看到Dafuhaw大大前天貼的文章，看著覺得有趣，就試著翻譯翻譯了快3個小時有1半以上的時間是在搞排版…累 PDF貼Word就是整個大走鐘惹~~~~ 自己習慣文章先看摘要跟結論所以先翻譯了第1章跟第5章其他的章節，有時間再繼續翻譯有興趣的人可以參考原文原文連結https://goo.gl/WRwrvT 因為不是本科系，可能有些地方翻譯的不是很通順，本人就獻醜了~~~ 感謝Captainmm的指教有翻譯錯誤的地方還請各位朋友多多指正 ---------------------------------------------------- 正文開始 Matters of the Flesh: Japanese Herbivore Men and the Asexuality Umbrella 慾望之事: 日本草食男與無性族群(無性傘) Catalogue 目錄 1. Introduction 前言 2. The Asexual Umbrella 無性傘(無性族群) 2.1 The Emergence of Asexuality as Identity無性戀的出現 2.2 Born With It: Essentialist Asexuality and the Biological 天生如此: 天生無性戀與生物學 2.3 Deconstructing the Natural : Subverting Sexusociety 解構自然: 顛覆性慾社會 3. Herbivore Men 草食男 3.1 A History of Herbivore 草食系的歷史 3.2 What Makes a Man an Herbivore? 是什麼原因讓人變成草食系? 3.3 Deconstructing the Manly: Subverting the Carnivorous World 解構男子氣概: 顛覆肉食世界 4. The Intersection Between Herbivore and Asexuality 草食系與無性戀之間的交集 4.1 Images of Action and Identity of Attraction 舉止的形象與吸引力的認同 4.2 Sexusociety and the Carnivorous World 性關係與肉食世界 4.3 Constructing Sexualities and Cultures of Resistance 建構抵抗的文化與性別 5. Conclusion 結論 Acknowledgements 誌謝 1 Introduction 前言 1-1段 As birth and marriage rates have plummeted over the past few decades in Japan (Statistics Bureau, 2015; The World Bank, 2015), the public is expressing its concern regarding its future in a rapidly-aging world. Numerous studies and books have been published reporting this decline and hypothesizing its causes and explore the possible tactics that Japanese society can employ to alleviate it, such as changes in public policies and labor conditions, as well attempts to raise consciousness regarding private life, sexuality and gender relations (Atoh, 2001; Coulmas 2007; Miyamoto, 2002; Miyamoto, Yamada, and Iwagami, 1997; Ueno, 1998). 當出生與結婚率在過去的幾十年逐漸下降的日本(2015統計資料， 2015世界銀行(ps. 日本是世界銀行成員國之一))，資料顯示在未來人類老化的趨勢會更加嚴重。已經有非常多的相關研究及書籍去討論或研擬相關對策，針對這種逐漸老化的日本社會減輕及改善其衝擊。像是改變公共政策及勞動條件，試圖去提升私生活、性與性別關係的意識 (Atoh, 2001; Coulmas 2007; Miyamoto, 2002;Miyamoto, Yamada, and Iwagami, 1997; Ueno, 1998) 1-2段 Such observations of the private life of Japanese people have led to the emergence the herbivore men buzzword, whose exact definition varies considerably, but is generally used to describe young Japanese men who are not interested in pursuing relationships. Coined by Maki Fukasawa (2006), the term herbivore man1 quickly caught on in Japanese women`s magazines and newspapers, and has become the topic of an increasing number of articles, papers, and books (Chavez, 2011; Haworth, 2013; Neill, 2009; Otagaki, 2009; Wakatsuki, 2015). Multiple attempts have been made to explain the phenomenon from a socio-economic and gender perspective, supported by lived experiences and observations on the construction of masculinity in Japanese society. 透過觀察日本民眾的私生活出現〞草食男〞這一個流行詞，其確切的定義非常廣泛, 但是草食男一詞通常用於那些對性關係追求沒有興趣的日本年輕人。草食男一詞創造於深澤真紀 (Maki Fukasawa (2006))，之後草食男一詞迅速的遍及日本的女性雜誌、新聞以及成為熱門文章、書籍等主題 (Chavez, 2011; Haworth, 2013; Neill, 2009; Otagaki, 2009; Wakatsuki, 2015)。這些資料已多次嘗試由社會經濟及性別角度去解釋此種社會現象，並且支持建構男性氣質的經驗與觀察模式於日本社會中。 1-3段 In contrast to the sensationalist coverage of herbivore, a new sexual identity quietly emerged in the early 2000s, shaped by personal narratives and online transnational communities. Sometimes referred to as "The Invisible Orientation" (Decker, 2014), asexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by a persistent lack of sexual attraction towards any gender. 與聳動的草食系相較之下，一種新的性傾向於21世紀初悄悄的出現，這是一種由個人敘事以及線上社群網路所形成的性向族群。有時被稱做為〞無性取向〞 (Decker, 2014)，無性戀是一種性取向，其特徵是對任何性別缺乏性吸引力。 1-4段 Though socio-economic factors and gender politics can be linked to asexuality, members of the asexual communities insist that asexuality is a matter of natural orientation, rather than intentional behavior. People in the communities have identified multiple subtypes of asexuality, leading to the use of the term the asexual umbrella to describe the spectrum (The Asexuality Archive, 2012). 雖然社會經濟因素與性別政策會與無性向有所關聯，但是無性社群裡面的成員認為無性向是一種天生、自然導向的問題，而不是人為故意的因素。社群中的成員已經辨別了許多亞類型的無性戀，並使用〞無性傘〞(或無性族群) 來描述無性戀的光譜 (The Asexuality Archive, 2012) 1-5段 This article aims to explore the possibility of the herbivore men presence under the asexual umbrella, as well as the potential that this classification can have in empowering the subjects as active participants in a culture of resistance. Part 2 will describe the history of asexuality as an identity and its characteristics. Part 3 will use previous studies to analyze the discourse on herbivore and construct a more palpable image of herbivore. Part 4 will draw parallels between the two groups in an attempt to encourage discussion of herbivore as a potential orientation and culture of resistance. 本文主要在探討草食男在無性傘(無性族群) 中存在的可能性，以及這種性分類在賦予主體權力作為抵抗文化的積極參與者能力方面的潛力。第二章描述無性戀的歷史由來。第三章將先前研究來討論及分析草食系，並建立一個更顯著的草食系形象第四章將描繪草食系與無性戀族群兩組之間的平行線，試圖鼓勵討論草食系作為一種潛在性傾向與文化抵抗 1-6段 Przybylo (2011) notes that it is the work of cultural investigators [...] to consider not only what stories are being told but also how they are being told and who does the telling(p. 1). What will become apparent throughout this paper is the contrast in the manner in which the identity of asexual and the label of herbivore are constructed: one is self-proclaimed and community-based, whereas the other is a buzzword which has been mostly defined based on non-participant observation and stereotypes regarding gendered behavior. Przybylo (2011)指出文化調查員的工作內容不僅要顧慮已知的故事，而且還要顧慮他們如何知道這件事以及是誰告訴他們的。本文中會變得潛顯易見的是，無性族群與草食系兩者之間的對比: 一種是基於自我宣傳及社群網路的論述，另一種則是流行語，主要基於非性別參與者的觀察與社會性向型態的觀念。 1-7段 We take on the premise of sexuality as a product of discourse, as promoted by the social constructivist school of thought promoted by theorists such as Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, and Jeffrey Weeks. Thus, we will focus on the discourse surrounding the two groups and the manner in which different modes of discourse have influenced the formation of two groups who are similar from an essentialist standpoint. 我們將性傾向作為論述的產物，這是由Michel Foucault，Judith Butler和Jeffrey Weeks等，社會建構論的思考取徑學者所推動的。因此，我們將集中圍繞這兩個族群討論，以及在不同的討論模式將如何影響兩個族群的形成，這兩個族群從本質上的角度來看是相似的。 -------------------Chapter 1 結束 5. Conclusion 結論 5-1段 This paper’s purpose was to lay the foundation for the link between herbivore and the asexual umbrella, and recognize their common features, not only as sexual orientations, but as subversive discourses of sexuality and potential status as cultures of resistance. Despite both groups having a considerable amount of variation regarding definition, expression, and characteristics, a few common features could be observed: 這篇文章的目的在於奠定草食系與無性族群的基礎連結，並且認識他們的共同特徵，不僅止於性取向的判定，而是作為顛覆性的話題以及對抗異性文化的潛在地位。儘管草食系與無性族群兩個群組在定義、表達和特徵上，有顯著的差異性，但是可以觀察到以下的共同特點: 5-2段 From an essentialist perspective, herbivore men can be found under the asexual umbrella due to their lack of interest in sex. From a constructivist view, both asexual men and herbivore men deviate from prescriptive norms of sexuality and hegemonic masculinity, belonging to subordinate manifestations of masculinity due to their removing one of the main means of asserting dominance; furthermore, asexuality as a whole goes against the underlying hetero normative principles which define modern society, as well as well as against the essentialist notion of sex as an intrinsic desire of humanity (Scherrer, 2008). 從本質主義的角度來看，草食男可以被歸類在無性傘中，因為他們對於性不感興趣。而從建構主義的角度來看，無性戀男人與草食男都偏離性和男性霸權的規範，屬於男性氣質的次要表現，因為他們移除了人類支配地位的主要方式之一。此外，無性戀是一個違反整體現代社會定義的異性原則，以及性為人類最原始的內在慾望（Scherrer，2008）。 5-3段 Though currently they are both restricted to small communities and use of confession as a means of expressing, developing, and accepting their sexual self, as groups which have emerged in the past decade and saw quick considerable growth, they have the potential to become recognized as cultures of resistance when assumed as a self-identified sexual identity, as they subvert compulsory hetero normatively by removing one of its main acts of reproduction, as their members are uninterested in matters of the flesh. 雖然目前無性戀侷限於小型網路社群和自我認知作為表達無性身分，並且發展和接受他們性主張的方式。作為在過去十年中出現並且迅速成長的群體，一旦被認定為自我認同的性別身分時，無性戀被認為具有抵抗傳文化的潛力。因為無性戀消除了異性戀主要在生產行為，有著強制性的顛覆，就是無性戀的成員對於性慾不感興趣。 5-4段 Despite their lack of interest in sexual or romantic matters, members of both groups have exhibited attempts to partake in them, motivated by peer pressure or the desire to start a family, as seen in personal narratives described in current literature, a pressure which would be removed if they became accepted as valid expressions of sexual identity. 儘管無性戀對於性或浪漫戀愛缺乏興趣，但草食系與無性戀兩個群組都表現出嘗試融入社會的行動，是由於同輩的壓力或渴望組成一個家庭的心願。如先前文獻中所提到個人敘述中所感受到的壓力，這種壓力會因為接受他們無性的身分而有效的消除。 5-5段 Social pressure is unlikely to disappear anytime soon, as concerns regarding the ageing population force public discourse to take a negative stance regarding asexuality and herbivore. However, neither group is entirely averse to romantic love, nor to procreation, so perhaps more acceptance regarding their identity would allow these groups to integrate better in society and become more capable of finding suitable partners for their own sake, rather than out of social obligation. 社會對無性戀的壓力不可能快速消失，因為對老齡化人口的議題關注，迫使公共議題對於無性戀和草食系採取負面立場。然而，無性戀和草食系也不是完全討厭浪漫的愛情，不想生育。所以接受無性戀這個群體，讓他們更佳的融入社會，變得更有能力為自己找到適合的伴侶，而不是讓他們退出社會義務會是更好的作法。 5-6段 Future research needs to delve deeper into their mentality and see how it can reach more acceptance in mainstream discourse. Rather than ostracize them for their lack of participation in the system of reproduction, they should, as Morioka states, find a niche within society where they can develop freely and live in a manner that is true to them. As asexuality makes its way into Japan, herbivore as a manifestation of sexuality can reach new depths. 未來的研究需要更深入了解無性戀的心態，並且看看他們如何在性別主流的議題中得到更高的接受度。非因為他們缺乏參與生殖體系而排斥他們的存在。無性戀應該像Morioka所說，在社會中找到一個可以自由發展並對他們的生活方式有利的基礎。隨著無性戀進入日本，草食系的慾望表現可以達到新的境界。 ------------------------Chapter5結束 Acknowledgements 誌謝 The author acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, and is grateful for the support of their professors and colleagues at Nagoya University, as well as for the insightful contributions of the anonymous referees for the Gender and Sexuality journal. 作者感謝文化、體育、科學及技術部之政府單位支持，並且特別感謝名古屋大學的教授及同事們給予的支持與幫助，以及”性與性別”期刊匿名審稿人的意見。 ------------------------ -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 101.139.108.40 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Asexual/M.1485854727.A.72A.html

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chiang2006

01/31 17:29, , 1^F

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還好啦，拖那麼久才發，就是因為排版阿阿阿阿阿不知道是不是以前訓練的關係寫文章都有強迫症要把排版弄好 ....希望沒亂翻自己熟悉的領域知識還有把握其他就... ※ 編輯: leov72 (101.139.108.40), 01/31/2017 17:32:19

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wthruta

01/31 17:36, , 2^F

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※ 編輯: leov72 (101.139.108.40), 01/31/2017 17:40:53

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